He fell on his sword, and died just as news arrived that the rumor had been false. With Alexandria under attack from Octavian’s forces, Antony heard a rumor that Cleopatra had committed suicide. Cleopatra’s ships deserted the battle and fled to Egypt, and Antony soon managed to break away and follow her with a few ships. Citizens of Pharaohs cities occupy several different levels of housing, all of which require certain services to be maintained.Higher levels of housing are also required to be located within 'nice neighborhoods', determined by a level of 'desirability. On September 2, 31 B.C., Octavian’s forces soundly defeated those of Antony and Cleopatra in the Battle of Actium.
In late 32 B.C., the Roman Senate stripped Antony of all his titles, and Octavian declared war on Cleopatra. This began a war of propaganda between him and the furious Octavian, who claimed that Antony was entirely under Cleopatra’s control and would abandon Rome and found a new capital in Egypt. known as the “Donations of Alexandria,” Antony declared Caesarion as Caesar’s son and rightful heir (as opposed to his adopted son, Octavian) and awarded land to each of his children with Cleopatra. in Alexandria, during which he and Cleopatra famously formed a drinking society called “The Inimitable Livers.” In 40 B.C., after Antony’s return to Rome, Cleopatra gave birth to twins, Alexander Helios (sun) and Cleopatra Selene (moon).Īfter a humiliating defeat in Parthia, Antony publicly rejected his wife Octavia’s efforts to rejoin him and instead returned to Egypt and Cleopatra. Cleopatra returned to Egypt, followed shortly thereafter by Antony, who left behind his third wife, Fulvia, and their children in Rome. He agreed to protect Egypt and Cleopatra’s crown, pledging support for the removal of her younger sister and rival Arsinoe, then in exile. Antony, who associated himself with the Greek deity Dionysus, was seduced by her charms. Following the reign of Cleopatra, the country of Egypt was transformed into a province of the Roman Empire and the Hellenistic period came to an end.
According to the story recorded by Plutarch (and later dramatized famously by William Shakespeare), Cleopatra sailed to Tarsus in an elaborate ship, dressed in the robes of Isis. The reign of Cleopatra VII of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt began with the death of her father, the ruling pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes, by March 51 BC.It ended with her death on 10 or 12 August 30 BC. Mark Antony soon summoned Cleopatra to the Cicilian city of Tarsus (south of modern Turkey) to explain the role she had played in the complicated aftermath of Caesar’s assassination.
In 42 B.C., after defeating the forces of Brutus and Cassius in the battles of Philippi, Mark Antony and Octavian divided power in Rome. Both sides asked for Egyptian support, and after some stalling Cleopatra sent four Roman legions stationed in Egypt by Caesar to support the triumvirate. Meanwhile, a conflict was raging in Rome between a second triumvirate of Caesar’s allies ( Mark Antony, Octavian and Lepidus) and his assassins, Brutus and Cassius. Still, unreliable flooding of the Nile resulted in failing crops, leading to inflation and hunger. With her infant son as co-regent, Cleopatra’s hold on power in Egypt was more secure than it had ever been.